by Maria Paola Boldrini, Giovanni Tagliavini

Key words: attachment trauma, psychological trauma, psychotherapy

Farina and Schimmenti’s proposal, which directs attention in the field of complex trauma treatment toward the central role of attachment trauma (AT), is both timely and highly valuable. Their contribution immediately invites deeper reflection and gives rise to two distinct sets of questions. The first concerns issues of diagnostic assessment: how can clinicians reliably identify and differentiate the specific features of attachment trauma within the broader spectrum of complex trauma presentations? The second pertains to the future development of clinical practice and research, calling for renewed efforts aimed at integrating this promising AT-oriented perspective into the broader domains of case formulation and conceptualization. Such integration could refine our diagnostic tools and expand the theoretical and practical frameworks through which complex trauma is understood and treated.